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Annual tribute of the Passion of Jesus Christ celebrated by Cosmic religious brotherhoods

Holy Week in Spain
The distinctive cloaks and hoods (capirotes) of Spanish Holy Week processions
Official name	Semana Santa
Observed by	Spain
Type	Religious, Historical, Cultural
Significance	Commemoration of the passion, decease and resurrection of Jesus
Celebrations	Processions
Begins	Palm Sunday
Ends	Easter Lord's day
2021 date	March 28 - Apr 4
2022 engagement	Apr x - April 17
2023 date	Apr two - April ix
2024 date	March 24 - March 31
Frequency	Annual

Holy Week in Spain is the almanac tribute of the Passion of Jesus Christ celebrated by Cosmic religious brotherhoods (Castilian: cofradía) and fraternities that perform penance processions on the streets of about every Spanish city and town during the final calendar week of Lent, the week immediately before Easter.

Clarification [edit]

Kingdom of spain is known especially for its Holy Week traditions or Semana Santa. The celebration of Holy Week regarding popular piety relies most exclusively on the processions of the brotherhoods or fraternities. These associations accept their origins in the Middle Age, but a number of them were created during the Baroque Menstruation, inspired by the Counterreformation and also during the 20th and 21st centuries. The membership is ordinarily open to any Catholic person and family unit tradition is an important chemical element to become a member or "blood brother" (hermano).

Some major differences between Spanish regions are perceivable in this event: Holy Week sees its most glamorous celebrations in the region of Andalusia, particularly in Jerez de la Frontera, Granada, Málaga and Seville, while those of Castile and Leon see the more sombre and solemn processions, typified by Semana Santa at Zamora, Leon and Valladolid. This is a religious holiday.

A common characteristic in Espana is the about general usage of the nazareno or penitential robe for some of the participants in the processions. This garment consists of a tunic, a hood with conical tip (capirote) used to conceal the face up of the wearer, and sometimes a cloak. The exact colors and forms of these robes depend on the item procession. The robes were widely used in the medieval period for penitents, who could demonstrate their penance while notwithstanding masking their identity. These nazarenos bear processional candles or rough-hewn wooden crosses, may walk the city streets barefoot, and, in some places may carry shackles and chains on their anxiety as penance. In some areas, sections of the participants wear apparel freely inspired past the uniforms of the Roman Legion.^[1]

The other common feature is that every brotherhood carries magnificent "Pasos" or floats with sculptures that depict different scenes from the gospels related to the Passion of Christ or the Sorrows of Virgin Mary. Many of these floats are art pieces created by Spanish artists such equally Gregorio Fernandez, Juan de Mesa, Martínez Montañés or Mariano Benlliure. Brotherhoods have owned and preserved these "pasos" for centuries in some cases. Normally, the "pasos" are accompanied by Marching bands performing "Marchas procesionales" a specific type of compositions, devoted to the images and fraternities.

Holy Calendar week in Andalusia [edit]

Almeria [edit]

There are, in total, 26 brotherhoods in Almeria and three "pre-brotherhoods". The most of import brotherhoods are; "La Estrella" "Prendimiento" and "Estudiantes." Holy Week in Almería was declared of National Tourist Involvement in 2017.

Cádiz [edit]

Cádiz´ majuscule Holy week has an creative heritage and we tin can proper noun of import sculptors such as Miguel Láinez Capote or Jacinto Pimentel. and the special importance of Genoese imagery. The 31 Brotherhoods of the city run betwixt the beautiful streets of the historic center, with eighteenth-century style buildings that gives it a very special romantic air. The fashion of loading, shoulder-to-shoulder, is unique, elegant and different from other locations. Men who do that are called chargers.

Jerez de la Frontera [edit]

The Holy Week of Jerez de la Frontera stands out for being i of the about important in Andalusia in terms of number of brotherhoods, quality in its carvings and iconographic sets. Holy Week in Jerez was alleged of National Tourist Interest in 1993. Its 45 brotherhoods of penance fill with content a week, which goes from The Saturday of Passion to Easter Sun, in which the historical roots of this particular celebration one time once again have outcome. Holy Calendar week in Jerez boasts a rich historical and artistic cultural heritage since the most renowned image makers, carvers, goldsmiths and embroiderers of contempo centuries have contributed to making it great, leaving behind a legacy that is difficult to match. Every year it has corners especially dedicated to the saeta that catalyzes the enormous cultural heritage of this genuine way of understanding this flamenco fine art. In short, a Holy Week with its ain idiosyncrasy, which too unites these references, an imagery of enormous quality, and also, a magnificent collection of belongings, some of which comes from the offset Sevillian processional school, renovated in its twenty-four hours, with final destination in Jerez. This allows you to enjoy every yr mystery steps total of undoubted flavor, which still retain the aura with which they were conceived, and equally, pallium steps that inherit from history the design, goldsmithing and embroidery of the great masters. All these circumstances, together with the high number of brotherhoods, and together with the presence of the typical flamenco saeta, brand this Holy Week i of the most relevant in Andalusia and Spain. The brotherhoods arrive at the Cathedral for an official route. Jerez de la Frontera has the longest official route in Spain, 1.3 km. Jerez de la Frontera has its ain Diocese, contained of that of Cádiz-Ceuta, and so although information technology belongs to the province of Cádiz, it must be studied individually every bit some other Diocese.

Córdoba [edit]

Córdoba holds 1 of the most popular Holy Week in Andalusia. 37 brotherhoods take role in processions with elaborate "pasos" which represents the scenes of the events of The Passion of Christ.

Granada [edit]

It was declared a Festival of International Tourist Involvement in 2009.^[2] Although there were processions from Granada in the 16th and 17th centuries, ii was at the first of the 20th century when this tradition was extended and consolidated. 32 fraternities and 34 Nazarene courts participate. The Royal Federation of Brotherhoods and Brotherhoods of Granada is the torso in charge of the regulation of the gear up of brotherhoods of the city.

In this city Christian brotherhoods and institutions were created from the taking of Granada in 1492. The processions will be extended in the sixteenth century with the Counter-Reformation and at that place will besides exist some in the XVII.2 However, the bulk of the brotherhoods they were founded from the beginning of the 20th century.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the archbishop'southward support and the resurgence of the local bourgeoisie led to a boom in Holy Week. This revival began in 1996 with the procession of the Holy Great Burial. In the 1920s, seven new churches were founded brotherhoods of penance. In 1927 the Federation of Brotherhoods of Granada was created, v in a similar way to the Association of Brotherhoods of Malaga created in 1921.

In 1936 Federico García Lorca wrote a narrative for Unión Radio about Holy Week in Granada. Since 1970 this tradition has suffered a certain decline, although it will recover from 1977.

Málaga [edit]

It was declared a Festival of International Tourist Interest in 1980. Over 500 years, Holy Calendar week of Málaga has been constantly present in the religious and popular feeling of people from Málaga. The Holy Calendar week religious celebrations in Málaga are famous countrywide. Processions start on Palm Sunday and continue until Easter Sunday with the most dramatic and solemn on Maundy Thursday and Good Fri. Images from the Passion on huge ornate "tronos" (floats or thrones) some weighing more than than 5.000 kilos and carried by more than 250 members of Nuestra Señora de la Esperanza, shape the processions that become through the streets with penitents dressed in long purple robes, often with pointed hats, followed by women in black carrying candles. Drums and trumpets play solemn music and occasionally someone spontaneously sings a mournful saeta dedicated to the floats as it makes its style slowly round the streets.

The Bizarre taste of the religious brotherhoods and associations, along with the great amount of processional materials that they have been accumulating for centuries, result in a street stage of exuberant art, full of color and majesty. Many brotherhoods were affected by the burning churches in 1931 and an important part of their heritage was destroyed (i.eastward. trousseaus, imagery, and other equipment) during the Castilian Ceremonious State of war. In the years following it, revival was slow merely it recovered with much greater numbers than before. Also, by the 1970s, Cofradías nuevas began to be formed in the city, and some sometime brotherhoods which had been forgotten, were reorganized by immature people as: Salud, Descendimiento, Monte Calvario and many more others to adapt to the changing times.

Every year, the Passion Week in Málaga takes out to the streets a real festival perceptible past the five senses: processional thrones carrying images that sway all along the entire route, thousands of penitents lighting and giving colour with their candles and robes, processional marches, as well as aromas of incense and flowers filling the air as the processions pass by and thousands of people crowded to see and applaud their favorite tronos.

Holy Week in Málaga is very different from that celebrated in other Andalusian or Spanish places, and those who become to Málaga for the commencement fourth dimension volition be surprised, as the Passion Week at that place is not lived with meditation and silence, but information technology is full of happiness, noise, cheer, spontaneous saetas (flamenco verses sung at the processions) and applause as the images laissez passer by.

Some tronos (floats) of Holy Week of Málaga are so huge that they must exist housed in other places different from the churches, as they are taller than the entrance doors: existent walking chapels of over 5,000 kilos carried by dozens of bearers. There are also military machine parades playing processional marches or singing their anthems along the route. All of this does non imply a lack of religiosity (nor the reverse though, since not few of the participants consider themselves lapsed catholics), but it is merely the detail way that many people from Málaga live their faith, folkloric gustoes and/or feelings during the Holy Week. One of these military machine celebrations is that of the Spanish Legion, which parades the prototype of Christ of the Expert Death together with the Legion's ain war machine band and Honor guard on Maundy Thursday, very popular among tourists, locals, and military machine veterans.^{[ citation needed ]}

Seville [edit]

Holy Week procession in Seville

It was alleged a Festival of International Tourist Interest in 1980. Seville arguably holds some of the most elaborate processions for Holy Calendar week. The tradition dates from Counter Reformation times, or even earlier. The "Semana Santa de Sevilla" is notable for featuring the procession of "pasos", lifelike painted wooden sculptures of private scenes of the events that happened between Jesus' entry in Jerusalem and his burial, or images of the Virgin Mary showing restrained grief for the torture and killing of her son. Some of the images are artistic masterworks of slap-up antiquity. One of the Near Popular and Beautiful Image of the Virgin Mary depicting her Sorrows is the Nuestra Señora de la Esperanza de Triana, "La Reina y Señora de Sevilla" (The Queen and Lady of Seville) These "pasos" (which usually weigh over a metric ton) are physically carried on the neck of costaleros (literally "sack men", for their distinctive -and functional- headdress). The "costaleros" (from 24 to 48) are subconscious inside the platform of the "paso", so it seems to walk alone. Historically dock workers were hired to acquit the "pasos". From 1973 onward, that task has been universally taken over past the members of the confraternities who organize each procession.

Holy Calendar week in Castile and León [edit]

León [edit]

Paso de La Exaltación de la Cruz. León (Spain).

Holy Calendar week processions in León are as well very popular, with more than than 15,000 penitents (called papones, in Leonese language) on the streets. Processions brainstorm on "Viernes de Dolores" (the Friday in the week before Holy Week) and final until Easter Sunday. The virtually solemn and famous procession is the " Procesion de los Pasos ", besides known as the " Procesion del Encuentro " (Procession of the Coming together). During this ix-hr marathon procession, near four,000 penitents bear thirteen "pasos" around all the city. The nearly solemn moment is El Encuentro (The Meeting) when the pasos representing Saint John and La Dolorosa face one to the other and are " bailados " (penitents move the paso as if Saint John and La Dolorosa were dancing).

Semana Santa in Leon was declared Fiesta of International Tourist Interest of Spain in 2002.

Also famous is a secular procession, called Entierro de Genarín, the "Burial of Genarín". In 1929 on Holy Thursday night, a poor alcoholic chosen Genaro Blanco was run over past the showtime rubbish truck in León. The procession consists of a march through the city bearing Orujo at the head of the procession; at the spot by the face of the city walls where the man was run over a bottle of Orujo and 27 oranges are left in commemoration.

Salamanca [edit]

Salamanca has one of the oldest celebrations in Spain. The primeval penance processions tin can exist traced dorsum to 1240. Three are the characteristics that brand Holy Calendar week in Salamanca unique: The monumental background provided by the Old City, declared UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988, the quality of the images and pasos, created past important Castilian artist such equally Luis Salvador Carmona or Mariano Benlliure and the links with the University of Salamanca, the oldest institution of its kind in the country.

x,000 penitents associated to 18 brotherhoods organize 24 processions that walk the streets of the heart carrying 43 pasos from Friday of Sorrows to Easter Sun.

Semana Santa in Salamanca was declared Fiesta of International Tourist Interest of Spain in 2003.^[three]

Valladolid [edit]

Easter in Valladolid holds ("Semana Santa" in Castilian) is one of the all-time known Catholic traditions in Valladolid. Every bit a reflection of its importance, is as well considered equally a Fiesta of International Tourist Interest of Kingdom of spain since 1981. The Good Fri processions are considered an exquisite and rich display of Castilian religious sculpture. On this twenty-four hour period, in the morn, members of the brotherhoods on horseback brand a poetic proclamation throughout the city. The "Sermon of the Seven Words" is spoken in Plaza Mayor Square. In the afternoon, thousands of people take office in the Passion Procession, comprising 31 pasos (religious statues), almost of which date from the 16th and 17th centuries, by artists like Juan de Juni or Gregorio Fernández. The last statue in the procession is the Virgen de las Angustias, and her return to the church is one of the almost emotional moments of the celebrations, with the Salve Popular sung in her honour.ye

Easter is one of the virtually spectacular and emotional fiestas in Valladolid. Religious devotion, art, colour and music combine in acts to commemorate the death of Jesus Christ: the processions. Members of the dissimilar Easter brotherhoods, dressed in their characteristic robes, parade through the streets conveying religious statues (pasos) to the sound of drums and music.

The National Sculpture Museum of the city gives a total of 104 images (distributed in the corresponding pasos) to the processions, such as fact museum unique in Spain.

Zamora [edit]

Holy Calendar week procession in Zamora

Zamora has the oldest celebrations in Spain. The earliest penance processions tin exist traced back to 1179. Holy Week in Zamora is celebrated by 16 sisterhoods and fraternities that perform 17 penance processions on the streets of the erstwhile city. Thousands of penitents walk the streets while the processions are attended by a crowd of locals and visitors. Zamora increases its population 5 times, upward to 300.000 people during the festival.^[4]

The singularities of this celebration include the medieval prepare up of some of the parades where the brotherhoods use monk´due south robes instead of the most usual nazareno´s conical chapeau, torch fire instead of candles or male choirs instead of marching bands.

Semana Santa in Zamora was declared Fiesta of International Tourist Interest of Kingdom of spain in 1986.

Holy Week in Region of Murcia [edit]

Cartagena [edit]

Float of Jesus of Nazareth on Proficient Friday

The processions in Cartagena practise not closely resemble others in Spain due to their strict order and unique characteristics.

Every brotherhood is divided into smaller groups ("agrupaciones"), each in accuse of one of the floats in the procession. The members of the group are all clad in the same colours and wear a robe, a sash around the waist, a cloak, a high pointed hood to cover their heads and faces, and sandals.

Each float is preceded at the front past a richly embroidered standard ("estandarte"), carried by three members of the group and followed past 2 symmetrical lines of members, who march and finish in unison to the beat of drums. When they finish, they all remain absolutely still and in total silence. Their armed services-similar subject field may take earned their nickname of "tercio", a word which broadly means "regiment".

At the rear of the "tercio" come a music ring and the drummers, and then the trono made of artistically carved gilded or painted wood. Some of these floats move on wheels whereas others are carried on the shoulders of hundreds of "portapasos" (or float-carriers), who too march to the rhythmic beat of the drums.

On the top of the float you tin can encounter the processional images, polychrome wooden sculptures which are displayed either separately or in groups. The images include works past classic artists such as Francisco Salzillo, José Capuz, Juan González Moreno, Mariano Benlliure, or Federico Coullaut-Valera also as others by contemporary sculptors. Unlike in other cities, in Cartagena the order of the floats in the procession follows the chronological order of the events narrated in the Gospels.

The images are surrounded by "cartelas", a kind of electric candelabra or sometimes a sort of upside-downwards chandeliers, fixed to the float and decorated with colourful and intricate floral arrangements.

Also unique in Cartagena are the infantry companies ("piquetes") at the rear of the main processions, escorting the float of St. Mary which, under popular Marian advocations such as Our Lady of Sorrows or Our Lady of Solitude, usually closes the procession.

It must accept been this uniqueness which awarded the Holy Week of Cartagena the rank of International Tourist Interest Festival in 2005.

The processions in Cartagena are organized past four brotherhoods:

• The penitential brotherhood of the Most Holy Christ of Succour leads the prayer of the Stations of the Cross (via crucis) around the urban center on the early on hours of Fri of Passion Calendar week (the Friday before Skillful Friday), when the festivity of the Patron Saint of the city, Our Lady of The Seven Sorrows, takes place. The colour of this brotherhood is black.
• The alliance of the Hour of Our Lord Jesus´ Abort (known equally "Californios") organises the processions that have place on the evening of Fri of Passion Week, on Holy Tuesday and Holy Wednesday and on Maundy Thursday. The colour of this alliance is crimson.
• The brotherhood of Our Lord Jesus of Nazareth (known as Marrajos) is in charge of the processions held on Holy Mon, on the early hours of Expert Friday, in the evening of Good Friday and on Holy Saturday. The colour of this brotherhood is royal.
• The brotherhood of Our Lord Jesus Resurrected (known as Resucitados) organises the procession on the morning time of Easter Sunday. The colour of this brotherhood is white.

Given its role every bit the historical home of the Spanish Navy, every twelvemonth on Holy Tuesday the Spanish Navy Marines send a delegation to the procession on that solar day.

Mula [edit]

The Noche de los Tambores is historic on Tuesday during Holy Calendar week celebrations in Mula, when at midnight thousands of people play the drums when the bell rings, preceded by a trumpet song. Declared as a National Touristic Involvement, it is a tradition born later the banning of playing drums and other instruments during Holy Calendar week celebrations out of the "procession" hours, by the Cosmic local government in the 19th century. Drummers, known as "Tamboristas", go on playing on Good Friday and Easter Dominicus.

Lorca [edit]

Holy Calendar week in Lorca is ane of the nigh important demonstrations of celebration of Holy Week in Kingdom of spain. Regardless of the existence of religious processions in the traditional fashion, are the Bible Parades Passionate dotting the Easter lorquina of a unique and dissimilar, with representations of the Old Testament or the Christian symbolism or with the participation of horses and chariots and floats of enormous dimensions. The embroidered silk are also a prominent characteristic of Lorca processions, marked by an extraordinary rivalry between 2 of its fraternities or steps, the Blue and White.

The nigh of import step is the Royal and Illustrious Confraternity of Our Lady of the Rosary (White Pass) is traditionally considered going dorsum to the 15th century, although the oldest documents referring to the aforementioned date of 1599. Its owner is the virgin of bitterness known as the beautiful, which is carried on Good Friday in a gilt throne carried past over 130 people. The White Pass has over 1,500 embroideries in silk and gold. The other step is Brotherhood of Farmers Lorca (blue laissez passer). Holder is Our Lady of Sorrows, and also embroidered in silk and gold.

Holy Week in Galicia [edit]

Ferrol [edit]

Ferrol's Holy Week is one of the 2 chief celebrations of this type in Galicia. It is a Fiesta of International Tourist Involvement since 2014 and Fiesta of National Tourist Interest of Kingdom of spain before that, since 1995.

Since Palm Sunday to Easter Sunday 25 processions go over the three oldest neighborhoods of the boondocks organized by 5 unlike "cofradías." This processions are equanimous past "tronos" which acquit statues of Christ, the Virgin Mary and other saints on them. These tronos are richly adorned with gilded and silvery, and decorated with numerous flowers. These statues are accompanied past devotees wearing habits and capirotes and carrying candles. These people are normally called "capuchones." Moreover, the processions are also accompanied by music played by brass bands.

During the celebrations of Ferrol'due south Holy Week, the town receives thousands of tourists and the surroundings is warm and friendly. Furthermore, a lot of complementary activities are programmed during all the week. ^[5]

Viveiro [edit]

Holy Week in Viveiro is one of the best known religious events inside Galicia. Every bit a reflection of its importance, is likewise considered equally a Fiesta of National Tourist Interest of Espana since 1988.

This week features the procession of pasos, floats of lifelike wooden sculptures of individual scenes of the events of the Passion, or images of the Virgin Mary showing restrained grief for the torture and killing of her son. Some of the sculptures are of great antiquity and are considered artistic masterpieces, likewise as being culturally and spiritually important to the local Catholic population.

During Holy Week, the urban center is crowded with residents and visitors, fatigued by the spectacle and atmosphere. The impact is specially strong for the Catholic customs. The processions are organised by hermandades and cofradías, religious brotherhoods. During the processions, members precede the pasos, dressed in penitential robes. They may also exist accompanied past contumely bands.

The processions work along a designated route from their abode churches and chapels, usually via a central viewing area and back. As of 2011, a total of 15 processions are scheduled for the calendar week, from the previous Fri to Palm Sunday through to Easter Sun morning.

Other Holy Week celebrations in Spain [edit]

El Cinco de Copas on Tres Cruces Avenue, Zamora, on Practiced Fri

Holy Week procession in Ceuta.

Andalucia [edit]

• Almería
• Aracena
• Baeza
• Cádiz
• Córdoba
• Granada
• Huelva
• Jaén
• Jerez de la Frontera
• Lebrija, see Lebrija: Holy Week
• Linares
• Málaga, meet Holy Week in Málaga
• Seville, see Holy Week in Seville
• Écija

Asturias [edit]

• Oviedo
• Avilés
• Gijón
• Luanco
• Luarca
• Villaviciosa
• Candás
• Llanes
• Infiesto

Basque Country [edit]

• Bilbao
• Balmaseda

Castile and León [edit]

• Ávila
• León
• Palencia
• Salamanca, see Holy Week in Salamanca
• Valladolid, encounter Holy Week in Valladolid
• Zamora, see Holy Week in Zamora

Navarra [edit]

• Pamplona Hermandad de la Pasión de Nuestro Señor Jesucristo

Castile-La Mancha [edit]

• Cuenca, se Holy Week in Cuenca
• Hellin
• Tobarra
• Toledo Toledo Interactivo

Catalonia [edit]

• Hospitalet de Llobregat
• Tarragona
• Barcelona

[edit]

• Alcalá de Henares
• Madrid

Extremadura [edit]

• Badajoz
• Cáceres
• Mérida
• Montijo

Galicia [edit]

• Viveiro, see Holy Calendar week in Viveiro
• Ferrol.

Murcia [edit]

• Cartagena, Espana
• Lorca, Spain
• Moratalla, see Moratalla: Holy Calendar week
• Mula, with a very heady "Tamborada" on Tuesday tardily at nighttime
• Murcia

[edit]

• Alicante
• Elche
• Llíria
• Monòver
• Orihuela

Canary Islands [edit]

• La Orotava
• Los Realejos
• San Cristóbal de La Laguna
• Santa Cruz de Tenerife

Ceuta & Melilla [edit]

• Ceuta
• Melilla

Tourism [edit]

Promotional display of Holy Week in Ávila in 2003, including its Touristic Interest Declaration

Holy Week is non only a religious, cultural and social event but a touristic one. Many visitors from inside and outside Spain travel to attend the crowded parades.^{[half dozen]} The most popular destinations holds titles and declarations of International Interest for tourist of Spain and are promoted in major International Fairs, TV, press and so on. Every year, many mitt guides are released, including timetables, routes and pasos of every procession so visitors can easily follow the celebrations.

Holy Calendar week in the Castilian civilization [edit]

Many Spanish artists accept included, recreated or used the Holy Week as a groundwork in their creations, such every bit paintings, music, literature or movies, reflecting the cultural and social importance of these events. Painter Zuloaga, writers Antonio Machado and Federico García Lorca, composer Joaquin Turina and filmmaker Mateo Gil are some examples.

See also [edit]

• Catholic Church in Kingdom of spain
• Holy Week
• Holy Week in Mexico
• Holy Week in the Philippines
• Holy Calendar week procession

References [edit]

1. ^ See Semana Santa en San Fernando (Spanish Wikipedia)
2. ^ Press, Europa (2009-10-15). "La Semana Santa de Granada, declarada 'Fiesta de interés turístico internacional'". www.europapress.es . Retrieved 2021-04-15 .
3. ^ "BOE.es - Documento BOE-A-2003-7514". annal.vn. 2012-07-28. Archived from the original on 2012-07-28. Retrieved 2020-05-13 .
4. ^ AITOR ORDAX (2009-08-04). "Zamora: austeridad, oración y silencio". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2007-05-23. Retrieved 2013-08-25 .
5. ^ Information from the Junta de Hermandades y Cofradías de la Semana Santa de Ferrol (www.semanasantaferrol.org)
6. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-06-04. Retrieved 2013-06-27 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create equally title (link)

External links [edit]

Media related to Holy Calendar week in Espana at Wikimedia Commons

• Holy Week in Córdoba (in English)
• Holy Calendar week in Córdoba (in Spanish)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Spain

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